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Mauritania

Mauritania is the Sahara in its most absolute version: no crowds, no filter, just the golden immensity of the erg, the thousand-year-old libraries of Chinguetti and the breath of the wind on the dunes of the Adrar.

Region
Afrique de l'Ouest
Circuits from
1,200 €
Ideal duration
12 days
Best season
January-April, November-December
Flight
4.5-6.5h
MEAE — Not recommended except for essential travel

The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs currently classifies Mauritania as « Not recommended except for essential travel ». Check the official advisory before planning your trip.

diplomatie.gouv.fr — French travel advisories

Why Mauritania

Imagine a country where the dunes of the Sahara plunge directly into the Atlantic, where medieval libraries preserve eight-century-old manuscripts under adobe vaults, and where nomadic fishermen have been hunting mullet by allying themselves with dolphins for millennia. Mauritania is all of these things at once: a territory twice the size of France, almost entirely desert, which has not yet given up its secrets to mass tourism.

It's not an easy destination. The sandy roads require a 4x4 and a guide, the summer heat is unforgiving, and the comfort is spartan. But for those who accept its terms, Mauritania offers what few countries in the world can still promise: the sincere feeling of being somewhere that few people have seen. The evening light on the dunes of Adrar, the nights listening to the wind play in the palm trees of Terjit, the absolute peace of the old quarters of Chinguetti under the sand... These are memories that are unlike anything else.

Between the three UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Chinguetti, Ouadane, Oualata, Tichitt) and the Banc d'Arguin National Park, Mauritania has an astonishing density of heritage for a country that is so little visited. Travellers who venture there do so with a conviction: some things are not on the beaten track.

When to go to Mauritania

The ideal window is from November to March. Temperatures are then bearable on the coast (19 to 33°C in Nouakchott) and nights in the desert are cool, sometimes cold (less than 10°C in December and January in the Adrar). February and March are the heart of the high season for tours, with perfect conditions for bivouacs and dune hikes.

From April to June, the heat rises rapidly. In the Adrar, temperatures exceed 40°C during the day from May, making any physical effort taxing. July, August and September are the months of the rainy season (wintering) in the south and the coast: rainfall remains rare in Nouakchott, but the sand tracks turn into impassable terrain after the rare intense showers. Saharan circuits are generally suspended.

October is an interesting transition period for tight budgets: temperatures are starting to drop, tourists are still few and operators sometimes offer off-season rates.

January★★★★☆
17°-31°C0 mmHigh season
February★★★★★
19°-33°C0 mmHigh season
March★★★★★
18°-32°C0 mmHigh season
April★★★★☆
21°-33°C0 mmHigh season
May★★★☆☆
22°-33°C0 mmShoulder season
Chaleur croissante (33°C sur la côte, 40°C+ dans l'Adrar). Vents de sable fréquents (harmattan).
June★★☆☆☆
23°-34°C0 mmLow season
Début de la saison chaude extrême dans le désert (jusqu'à 45°C dans l'Adrar). Conditions difficiles pour un circuit.
July★☆☆☆☆
24°-29°C7 mmLow season
Saison des pluies (hivernage) dans le Sud. Humidité accrue sur la côte. Pistes intérieures souvent coupées. Intérieur des terres déconseillé.
August★☆☆☆☆
25°-30°C35 mmLow season
Pic de la saison des pluies. Pluies intenses dans le Sahel mauritanien, routes impraticables dans certaines zones. Circuits suspendus.
September★★☆☆☆
25°-32°C12 mmLow season
Fin de la saison des pluies, pistes encore dégradées. Chaleur et humidité persistantes.
October★★★☆☆
25°-36°C3 mmShoulder season
November★★★★☆
21°-35°C0 mmHigh season
December★★★★☆
19°-30°C0 mmHigh season
High seasonLow seasonShoulder season

How much does it cost

Mauritania is an affordable destination for travelers who accept local standards. A meal in a popular restaurant in Nouakchott costs between 2 and 5 euros. A Mauritanian tea (the famous atay, served in three increasingly sweet glasses) can be shared for free or for a few cents. Local bush taxi transport between major cities is economical but spartan.

What is expensive is the infrastructure of a tour in the Adrar: the rental of a 4x4 with a driver-guide (80 to 120 euros per day), quality camps and nights in bivouacs with camel camels. A 10 to 12-day tour entirely organized from France costs 1,200 to 2,200 euros per person depending on the provider, excluding flights. The Paris-Nouakchott flight (usually with a stopover in Casablanca or Dakar) varies between 400 and 750 euros depending on the season.

LevelBudget
Budget40 €/day
Mid-range80 €/day
Comfort160 €/day
Mauritania tour
Organised tour 10–14 days, from
1,200
Local meal: ~5 €Local transport: ~4 €/day

Where to go

La Mauritanie se découvre en deux grandes zones complémentaires. Au nord-ouest, le couloir côtier relie Nouakchott (capitale et porte d'entrée) à Nouadhibou (port de pêche) en longeant le Parc National du Banc d'Arguin, paradis ornithologique reconnu dans le monde entier. A l'est, la région de l'Adrar est le coeur saharien du pays : un plateau de grès rouge ponctué d'ergs, de gorges et de villes caravanières endormies sous le sable.

Chinguetti est l'étape absolue, celle autour de laquelle s'organisent tous les circuits. L'ancienne ville sainte garde ses bibliothèques de manuscrits coraniques et sa mosquée du XIIIe siècle, encerclées par les dunes de l'erg Amatlich qui avancent lentement chaque année. Ouadane, à une centaine de kilomètres, est encore plus préservée et moins visitée. Atar sert de base logistique pour explorer la région. Et Terjit, l'oasis cachée dans une gorge de grès, est la pause verdoyante et rafraîchissante qui émerveille chaque voyageur.

NouakchottTour start

Nouakchott

1-2 days

Capital of the sand in 1960, Nouakchott is a city in the making, set between the Atlantic and the erg. The camel market of Camel Market and the artisanal fishing port of Plage des Pêcheurs, where dozens of colorful pirogues run aground every morning, set the tone for a city that still lives to the rhythm of the informal economy. An essential entry point, it mentally prepares for the excesses of the interior desert.

Artisanal fishing port and its colorful piroguesCamel MarketNational Museum of MauritaniaTevragh-Zeina district and its marketsNouakchott beach facing the Atlantic
Nouadhibou

Nouadhibou

1-2 days

The country's second largest city and the economic capital of fishing, Nouadhibou occupies a peninsula on the Banc d'Arguin. Its boat cemetery, one of the largest in the world, is a striking photographic curiosity: dozens of rusty shipwrecks wash up in the bay between fishermen and pelicans. A natural starting point to reach the Banc d'Arguin Park by the coastal road.

Boat Cemetery of Greyhound BayArtisanal fishing and fish marketsAccess to the Banc d'Arguin National ParkWild beaches of the Cap Blanc PeninsulaIron Train (Zouerate) - excursion option
Parc National du Banc d'Arguin

Parc National du Banc d'Arguin

2-3 days

Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Banc d'Arguin is one of the largest wetlands on the planet and an exceptional ornithological sanctuary. Millions of migratory birds (flamingos, spoonbills, terns, waders) meet there every winter on the mudflats and Posidonia meadows. The Imraguen villages, nomadic fishermen who hunt mullet on the back of dolphins according to a thousand-year-old technique, inhabit these timeless islands.

Observation of migratory birds (flamingos, spoonbills, pelicans)Imraguen villages and traditional mullet fishingCanoe navigation on the mudflatsDune landscapes plunging into the AtlanticUNESCO World Heritage Site since 1989
Atar

Atar

1-2 days

The gateway to the Adrar region, Atar is the logistical base for tours in Mauritania's most spectacular Saharan massif. Its adobe streets, lively souk and old ksar (fortified district) give a taste of traditional architecture before plunging into the ergs and sandstone plateaus that surround the city. Atar airport, served from Nouakchott, simplifies access to the entire region.

Central Souk and Camel MarketAtar Ksar (Historic Walled District)Base for Adrar (Chinguetti, Ouadane, Terjit)Hikes in the surrounding sandstone plateausPanoramic views from the city hill
Chinguetti

Chinguetti

2-3 days

The seventh holiest city in Islam according to tradition, Chinguetti is the medieval jewel of Mauritania. Its family libraries preserve thousands of Koranic and scientific manuscripts dating from the thirteenth century, written in gum arabic ink on parchment. The old city, frozen under the sand for centuries, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is here that caravans have converged for thousands of years, on the pilgrims' route to Mecca.

Mosque of Chinguetti (schist minaret, thirteenth century)Qur'anic libraries with medieval manuscriptsOld Town in the sand (UNESCO)Erg Amatlich dunes at the gates of the cityBivouac under the stars in the surrounding erg
Ouadane

Ouadane

1-2 days

A caravan city founded in the twelfth century, Ouadane is one of the four ancient Mauritanian cities listed by UNESCO. Perched on a rocky outcrop in the heart of the Adrar, it is less visited than Chinguetti and retains an even more timeless atmosphere. The ruins of its old town, half buried in the sand, dialogue with a few houses still inhabited whose carved doors bear witness to a past prosperity as a commercial crossroads between the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa.

Old town in ruins (UNESCO World Heritage Site)Historic mosque of the twelfth centuryCarved doors of old housesPanoramic view of the Adrar from the spurPreserved end-of-the-world atmosphere
Oasis de Terjit

Oasis de Terjit

1 days

Hidden in a red sandstone gorge about forty kilometres from Atar, the Terjit oasis is one of Mauritania's most striking surprises. A fresh spring feeds a dense palm grove that appears out of nowhere in a setting of Saharan cliffs. Swimming under the palm trees, guaranteed star bivouacs: this is one of the favourite stops for travellers crossing the Adrar.

Cool spring and desert swimPalm grove in the sandstone gorgesNight bivouac under the starsRed sandstone canyon with ochre huesHiking in the gorge

Our itineraries

L'essentiel de l'Adrar : Atar, Chinguetti, Ouadane

10 daysnovembre-mars
Nouakchott
1 night
Atar
2 nights
Oasis de Terjit
1 night
Chinguetti
3 nights
Ouadane
1 night
Nouakchott
1 night
From ~1,500
Sample itinerary
culturedésertpatrimoine-UNESCOaventure

Grand tour : côte atlantique, oiseaux et désert

14 daysnovembre-février
Nouakchott
1 night
Nouadhibou
2 nights
Parc National du Banc d'Arguin
2 nights
Atar
1 night
Oasis de Terjit
1 night
Chinguetti
3 nights
Ouadane
2 nights
Nouakchott
1 night
From ~2,200
Sample itinerary
ornithologiedésertpatrimoine-UNESCOhors-des-sentiers-battus

Sahara absolu : bivouacs dans les dunes

8 daysdécembre-février
Nouakchott
1 night
Atar
1 night
Chinguetti
3 nights
Oasis de Terjit
1 night
Atar
1 night
From ~1,200
Sample itinerary
aventuredésertbivouacimmersion

In pictures

Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Youssef Taghlaoui on Unsplash
Youssef Taghlaoui on Unsplash
Jillian Amatt - Artistic Voyages on Unsplash
Jillian Amatt - Artistic Voyages on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Dulcey Lima on Unsplash
Dulcey Lima on Unsplash
Bernd Dittrich on Unsplash
Bernd Dittrich on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash
Baptiste Riethmann on Unsplash

Practical advice

Formalities

French nationals can obtain a visa on arrival at Nouakchott airport (approximately USD 55, payable in cash) or via an online e-visa. The passport must be valid for at least 6 months after the date of entry. As the security situation may change, it is imperative to consult the Mauritania page on diplomatie.gouv.fr before leaving: certain areas (borders with Mali and Algeria) are not recommended unless there is an imperative reason.

Recommended vaccinations: up-to-date DTP, hepatitis A and B, typhoid, ACYW meningitis. Antimalarial prophylaxis is recommended for the south of the country. Treatment for gastrointestinal infections (drinking bottled water exclusively) is essential.

Getting around

The 4x4 with a local driver is the only viable mode of travel in Adrar and desert areas. Paved roads exist between the major cities (Nouakchott, Atar, Nouadhibou), but the tracks to Chinguetti and Ouadane are made of sand and rocks. Domestic flights connect Nouakchott to Atar (Air Mauritanie), which saves time and avoids 10 hours on the track.

Collective taxis (bush taxis or collective 4x4s) connect cities at very low prices but in spartan conditions: overloading, frequent breakdowns, unpredictable stops. For minimum comfort, prefer the organized tour with a dedicated vehicle.

Culture and uses

Mauritania is a Muslim-majority country and codes of respect are important. Modest clothing is required for women (shoulders and knees covered), especially in inland cities. Ramadan profoundly changes the local rhythm of life: reduced catering and services during the day.

Mauritanian tea (atay) is a central social ritual. Refusing a tea offered by a local is considered rude. The ceremony lasts about 20 minutes for the three glasses, from bitter to sweetest: "The first glass is bitter like life, the second is sweet like love, the third is strong like death." Accept and enjoy: this is one of the most authentic moments of the trip.

Tips to guides and drivers are appreciated but not imposed. Count 5 to 10 euros per day for a local guide, to be divided according to the size of the group.

Frequently asked questions

Do you need a visa to go to Mauritania when you are French?

French nationals can enter Mauritania in two ways: with a visa on arrival (payable in USD, approximately USD 55) at Nouakchott airport, or via an e-visa obtained online before departure. The passport must be valid for at least 6 months after the intended date of entry. Conditions can change quickly: check on diplomatie.gouv.fr before departure.

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-voyageurs/conseils-par-pays-destination/mauritanie/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_French_citizens
Is Mauritania a safe country for tourists?

Mauritania requires sustained vigilance. The Quai d'Orsay classifies the border areas with Mali and Algeria (East, North-East) as not recommended unless there is an imperative reason, due to the jihadist threat and the risk of kidnapping. The coastal corridor (Nouakchott, Nouadhibou) and the Atar region are accessible by supervised tour with a local approved guide. Solo or off-route travel is strongly discouraged. Always consult diplomatie.gouv.fr in the weeks before departure.

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-voyageurs/conseils-par-pays-destination/mauritanie/
When to go to Mauritania: when is the best time?

The main season runs from November to March, with temperatures between 19°C and 33°C on the coast and cool nights in the desert (sometimes below 10°C in December-January). February and March are the most popular months for tours in the Adrar. From April to October, temperatures can exceed 45°C in the inland desert and the rainy season (July-September) makes the tracks impassable. Avoid summer at all costs.

https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=18.08&longitude=-15.97&start_date=2024-01-01&end_date=2024-12-31&daily=temperature_2m_max,temperature_2m_min,precipitation_sum
What currency to use in Mauritania?

The currency is the Mauritanian ouguiya (MRU), a new ouguiya introduced in 2018 (replacing the old one at a rate of 1 to 10). 1 EUR is worth about 40 to 42 MRU (September 2026, check on xe.com). ATMs are rare outside Nouakchott: bring enough cash in euros or dollars, which can be easily exchanged on the spot. Credit cards are only accepted in a few hotels in the capital.

https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=MRUhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritanian_ouguiya
What budget should I plan for a tour in Mauritania?

Count between 40 and 80 euros per day all inclusive for an independent traveler (accommodation in a hostel or camp, local meals, travel). An organized tour of 10 to 12 days from France, with guide, 4x4 transport, accommodation in gîtes and bivouacs, starts at around 1,200 to 1,500 euros per person excluding flights. The Paris-Nouakchott flight is generally between 400 and 750 euros depending on the period.

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-voyageurs/conseils-par-pays-destination/mauritanie/
Do I need vaccines to go to Mauritania?

Yellow fever is mandatory if you are arriving from an endemic country. Recommended vaccines include: up-to-date DTP, hepatitis A and B, typhoid, meningitis ACYW. Antimalarial treatment (prophylaxis) is recommended for the south of the country and rural areas. Consult your doctor or an international vaccination centre at least 4 to 6 weeks before departure.

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/mauritaniahttps://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-voyageurs/conseils-par-pays-destination/mauritanie/
What is Chinguetti and why is it so important?

Chinguetti is a holy city of Islam (considered the seventh holiest city according to some Islamic traditions) and a World Heritage Site. Its thirteenth-century mosque and family libraries preserve thousands of priceless Quranic, scientific and literary manuscripts. The old city, threatened by the advance of the dunes, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996. It is the central stop on any Mauritanian tour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinguettihttps://whc.unesco.org/en/list/750
What is the Banc d'Arguin National Park?

The Banc d'Arguin National Park is one of the largest marine parks in Africa, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1989. Every winter, it welcomes millions of migratory birds (flamingos, spoonbills, pelicans, sandpipers, terns) from the Arctic regions. The mudflats and Posidonia meadows of the bay also feed the Imraguen people, nomadic fishermen who practice an ancestral technique in collaboration with dolphins. A unique ornithological experience in West Africa.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc_d%27Arguin_National_Parkhttps://whc.unesco.org/en/list/280
How to get around Mauritania?

Mauritania can be explored almost exclusively by chauffeured 4x4 or on an organized tour. Paved roads connect Nouakchott to Nouadhibou and Atar, but the tracks in the Adrar (Chinguetti, Ouadane, Terjit) are often sand or rocks and require an experienced all-terrain vehicle. Shared bush taxis run between the major cities, but the conditions are spartan. A licensed local guide is highly recommended, both for safety and for access to remote sites.

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-voyageurs/conseils-par-pays-destination/mauritanie/
What is the language spoken in Mauritania and can you get by in French?

The national language is Hassaniya Arabic, an Arabic dialect specific to Mauritania. French is the administrative language and is still understood in cities, hotels and by tourism professionals. In rural areas and nomadic camps, only Hassaniya (and sometimes Pulaar or Soninke in the South) is spoken. Learning a few polite formulas in Arabic is very much appreciated and opens up exchanges in a remarkable way.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania
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